HEALTH RISKS
Productivity, academic performance, work quality, motivation, judgment, and safety may all be adversely affected by an individual's abuse of alcohol and drugs
There are many physical and mental health risks associated with the abuse of alcohol and other drugs. Further, the effects of substance abuse extend from the user to their family, friends and colleagues. A brief summary of various substances most typically abused, and their psychological and physiological effects is provided below. Additional information regarding any of these substances can be obtained from the following websites www.fiu.edu/~health or www.fiu.edu/~oea
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Club
Drugs |
Narcotics |
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Statistics show that alcohol
abuse is involved in the majority of violent behavior incidents on college
campuses including date rape, vandalism, fights and driving under the influence.
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Alcohol abuse results in:
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Impaired judgment and coordination

Aggressive behavior

Impairment in learning and memory

Respiratory depression, coma, and death when combined with other depressants
Persistent abuse of alcohol can lead to physical
dependence, such that sudden cessation of intake usually results in
life-threatening withdrawal symptoms, including severe anxiety, hallucinations,
tremors, and seizures.
Prolonged alcohol abuse is frequently associated
with poor nutrition, brain and liver damage.
Women who drink during pregnancy may give birth to infants with irreversible physical abnormalities and the mental retardation condition termed Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.
Research shows that children of alcoholic parents
are more likely to abuse alcohol themselves.
CLUB DRUGS
GHB
is an illegal depressant, available as a liquid or powder that is used to cause
relaxation and anesthesia. Some of the adverse effects of GHB are listed below:
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Used to facilitate rape (it is odorless and
tasteless, therefore it can be slipped into someone's drink without detection)
because it causes impairments in judgment, sleepiness and amnesia. |
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Liver failure |
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Seizures which can result in coma and even death |
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Respiratory failure and/or arrest |
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Severe nausea and vomiting |
Rohypnol, also known as "Roofies",
is a strong depressant drug, commonly known as a "Date Rape" drug.
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When ingested in conjunction with alcohol or other
drugs, effects begin within 3 minutes and peak within 2 hours. These effects may
persist for up to 8 hours or more, depending upon the dosage. |
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Adverse effects associated with the use of Rohypnol
include decreased blood pressure, memory impairment, drowsiness, visual
disturbances, dizziness, confusion, gastrointestinal disturbances, and urinary
retention. |
In
South Florida, the street names for rohypnol include, " circles",
"Mexican valium", "rib", "roach-2", "roofies",
"roopies", "rope", "ropies", and "ruffies".
MDMA,
also called “Adam”, “ecstasy”, or “XTC”, is a synthetic,
psychoactive (mind-altering) drug with amphetamine-like and hallucinogenic
properties. Some of the adverse effects of MDMA are listed below:
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Psychological difficulties, including confusion,
depression, sleep problems, drug craving, severe anxiety and paranoia |
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Muscle tension, involuntary teeth clenching,
nausea, blurred vision, rapid eye movement, faintness, and chills or swelling |
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Increased heart rate and blood pressure |
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Long-term brain damage |
AMPHETAMINES & OTHER STIMULANTS
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Symptoms of stimulant abuse include increased heart
and respiratory rates, elevated blood pressure, dilated pupils, excessive
perspiration, headache, dizziness, sleepiness, anxiety, and loss of appetite. |
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When consumed in large quantities, palpitations,
irregular heartbeat, tremors, loss of coordination, coma, and death may result. |
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Regular use can lead to an amphetamine psychosis
that includes hallucinations, delusions, and paranoia. |
NARCOTICS
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Narcotics initially produce a feeling of euphoria
followed by drowsiness, nausea, and vomiting. |
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Users may experience constricted pupils, watery
eyes, and itching. |
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An overdose may produce slow and shallow breathing,
clammy skin, convulsions, coma, and death. |
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Tolerance to narcotics develops rapidly and
dependence is likely. |
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Intravenous injection may cause HIV/AIDS,
hepatitis, and cardiac disease. |
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Addiction in pregnant women can lead to premature,
stillborn, or addicted infants who may exhibit withdrawal symptoms. |
Closely related to the male
sex hormone testosterone, anabolic steroids may be prescribed for a limited
number of medical conditions such as severe burns and certain types of anemia
and cancer. However, more than 70 psychological and physical side effects may
result from steroid abuse, including:
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Liver disease |
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Growth problems |
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Bone fusion |
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Acne |
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Cancer |
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Testicular atrophy |
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HIV/AIDS (sharing needles) |
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Psychological problems |
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Rage and uncontrolled anger |
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Sexual dysfunction, sterility and impotence |
Many psychoactive substances
are inhaled as gases of volatile liquids. Some commercial products such as paint
thinners and cleaning fluids are mixtures of volatile substances, inhalation of
which result in a great variety of symptoms.
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Immediate effects of inhalants include nausea,
sneezing, coughing, nosebleed, fatigue, lack of coordination, and loss of
appetite. They may also obstruct airways causing death. |
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Solvents and aerosol sprays may decrease heart and
respiratory rates and impair judgment. |
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Amyl and butyl nitrate cause rapid pulse,
headaches, and urinary and fecal incontinence. |
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Long-term use may result in hepatitis, brain
damage, weight loss, fatigue, electrolyte imbalance, and muscle weakness. |
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Repeated use of inhalants may permanently damage
the nervous system. |
Cocaine use produces
psychological and physical dependencies. Regular users rapidly develop tolerance
which results in the need to take larger doses to achieve the same initial
effect.
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Cocaine stimulates the central nervous system and
its immediate effects include elevated blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory
rate, and body temperature. |
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Occasional use can cause a runny nose while chronic
use can result in ulceration and rupture of the mucous membrane in the nose. |
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Injecting cocaine with contaminated needles can
transmit HlV/AIDS, hepatitis, and other infectious diseases. |
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Cocaine use may lead to high-risk behaviors with
consequences such as unwanted pregnancies and motor vehicle accidents. |
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Cocaine use during pregnancy may result in the
birth of a cocaine-addicted baby who may experience withdrawal symptoms shortly
after birth, mental retardation, and/or permanent mental and physical
disabilities. |
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Crack, a concentrated form of cocaine, is extremely
potent. Its effects are evident within seconds. Physical effects include heart
palpitations, elevated pulse and blood pressure, loss of appetite, insomnia,
dilated pupils, tactile hallucinations, paranoia, and seizures. Preparation of
free-base, which involves the use of highly volatile solvents, can result in a
fire or explosion. Dependency is highly likely. |
The
effects of depressants are similar to those of alcohol.
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The use of depressants can cause both physical and
psychological dependence. Tolerance may result after regular use. Withdrawal
symptoms, ranging from anxiety to seizures and death, result from abrupt
termination of abuse. |
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Women who abuse depressants during pregnancy may give birth to babies who are physically dependent. These babies often have birth defects, behavioral problems, and may develop withdrawal symptoms shortly after birth. |
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Large doses can cause slurred speech, impaired
coordination, and altered perception. Very large doses can cause respiratory
depression, coma, and death. Even small doses of depressants, when combined with
alcohol, are likely to produce the symptoms described above. |
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The
effects associated with marijuana use include: |
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An increase in heart rate and blood pressure,
blood-shot eyes, dry mouth, and hunger. |
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Impairment of short-term memory and concentration,
altered sense of time, and decreased coordination and motivation. |
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Psychological dependence. |
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Lung cancer, and chronic lung disease after
long-term use. |
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